weiqi

Go is a strategic board game for two players. It is known as wéiqí in Chinese (Traditional: 圍棋; Simplified: 围棋), igo (囲碁, igo^?) or go (碁, go^?) in Japanese, and baduk in Korean (hangul: 바둑). To differentiate it from the common English verb to go, it is sometimes capitalized. An alternate spelling is also used occasionally.^{[nb 1]}

Go originated in China, where it has been played for more than two thousand years. It is most popular in East Asia, but has gained some popularity in the rest of the world in recent years. Go is noted for being rich in strategic complexity despite its simple rules.

Go is played by two players who alternately place black and white stones on the vacant intersections of a grid of 19×19 lines. For faster games or teaching purposes, a smaller grid, such as 13×13 lines or 9×9 lines, can be used. The object of the game is to control a larger part of the board than the opponent. To achieve this, players strive to place their stones in such a way that they cannot be captured, while mapping out territories the opponent cannot invade without being captured. A stone or a group of stones is captured and removed if it has no empty adjacent intersections, the result of being completely surrounded by stones of the opposing color. The adjacent intersections of a stone or group are known as "liberties".

Placing stones close together helps them support each other and avoid capture. On the other hand, placing stones far apart creates influence across more of the board. Part of the strategic difficulty of the game stems from finding a balance between such conflicting interests. Players strive to serve both defensive and offensive purposes and choose between tactical urgency and strategic plans. The game ends, and the score is counted, when both players consecutively pass on a turn, indicating that neither side can make a play to increase its territory or reduce its opponent's.

Despite the fact that Go originated in ancient China, it is commonly known in the West by its Japanese name, go. This stems from the fact that early Western players learned of the game from Japanese sources. As a result, many Go concepts for which there is no ready English equivalent have become known elsewhere by their Japanese names. The Japanese name igo is linked to the Japanese reading of its Chinese name wéiqí, which roughly translates as "board game of surrounding".^{[nb 2]}

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